What Is Firefighter Turnout Gear?

Whether you use the term bunker gear, PPE or turnout gear a lot of aspiring firefighters are left wondering what is firefighter turnout gear?  It’s a good question because it is arguably the most important piece(s) of equipment you will have. 

As a firefighter, you need all the protection you can get, and your turnout gear plays a vital role in protecting you against all the dangers of fire, smoke, cancer causing agents and other harmful materials.

Turnout gear has been around for the past hundred years or so.

Of course, a lot of improvements have taken place, and there is currently a broad range of full turnout gear in the United States and across the globe. But, what are different pieces fire protective equipment that make up a firefighter’s turnout gear?

So, what is firefighter turnout gear?

Today’s turnout gear is made of fire-resistant fabrics that mainly consist of Nomex and Kevlar. Generally, turnout gear may constitute a combination of hood, gloves, suspenders, trousers, boots, helmet and jacket.

Modern sets of gear typically use the jacket/trouser/helmet combination. Nomex fiber typically carbonizes and thickens when subjected to intense heat.

This helps to increase the protective barrier between the firefighter and the source of heat, helping to minimize burn injuries.

Nomex is also flame-resistant, flexible and tough. On the other hand, Kevlar is extremely strong, thermally protective, comfortable and highly lightweight.

When these two materials are used together, the result is superb thermal protection, durability, and unmatched strength.

It is imperative to note that the United States follows the NFPA 1975, which offers standard guidelines on work uniforms for firefighters.

Following this regulation, all turnout gear should feature three components including, an outer cover or shell, a moisture barrier as well as a thermal barrier.

Between these three layers there exist pockets of air usually referred to as dead zones. Together with the three layers of protection, the dead zones help to further insulate the firefighter from the extreme dangers of fire.

You’ll always find turnout pants outfitted with leather cuffs and reinforced knees. As we previously mentioned, the materials used for the three layers in firefighter suits may vary but will usually include the Kevlar/Nomex combination of material.

Fire Helmets:

Previously, the fire helmet’s primary function was to shed water.

However, thanks to the advancements in technology, today’s fire helmets are specifically designed to offer protection to the fireman’s head against the falling debris.

The secondary job of the helmet is to offer protection against heat. Generally, it offers a hard shell, heat, electrical and steam burn protection and equally shields the eye from the various elements of fire and debris.

It should be noted that helmets are made from various types of materials including plastic and carbon fiber for a comfortable and lightweight design, non-conductive materials to offer protection against electrical currents and a Kevlar layer for protection and strength.

The helmet designs usually vary slightly by manufacturer. You’ll find that some helmets feature a faceguard to protect you from dust, heat, debris, and water, especially when you are working on an extraction call.

It’s important to note that when helmets are not able to offer built-in protection for firefighter’s neck, ears as well as part of your face, firefighters also use firefighting protective hood. These flash hoods are usually made from Nomex Knit fabric.

Bunker pants:

These are important gear and will protect you from heat and steam burns.

The latest technology has made them relatively lighter and certain fire pants feature a built-in harness system that helps to eliminate the need for extra hardware.

They feature uniquely reinforced knees and form inserts to help you crawl freely without the fear of injury and burns.

Other notable features that help make this type of protective equipment more effective and comfortable include ripcord suspenders, gusseted cargo pockets, zippered pant legs and perhaps stretch waistbands.

Firefighter boots:

These are equally essential protective gear and are usually made of leather or rubber with a steel toe insert.

Firefighter boots are intended to protect your feet against puncture wounds, fire and water damages. They are mostly made of leather, which is a fire-resistant material. The boots also feature removable washable foot beds, reflective material to enhance visibility.

We wrote a review on the best station boots for firefighters which can be found by clicking the link.

Turnout coat:

This is the largest and arguably the most important item in your safety wardrobe as a fireman.

Extra-large jackets enable firemen to carry equipment and tools, whereas the reflective safety stripes on these jackets ensure that firemen remain visible to each other even when performing their duties.

Firefighter turnout jackets usually are sewn with unique items to make them suitable for the job.

For instance, they feature special wrist guards to help protect your exposed skin between the edge of the glove and the sleeve. They are designed to prevent wrist burns, while at the same time remaining flexible and preventing bunching.

Also, the collars feature a special stitching technique to ensure that the collar remains up at all times to protect your throat and the back of the neck against potential dangers.

The back and chest parts of the jacket are fitted with a special insulation to help protect you from burns. Firefighter jackets usually are made from Kevlar and Nomex materials.

Firefighting Gloves:

As a firefighter, gloves will be an important part of your turnout gear. This is because you will be constantly using your hands to rescue people out of fires, move and lift items that have caught fire or are smoldering.

What’s more, the chances of coming into contact with potentially harmful substances are also higher and this is why you must protect your hands.

As a firefighter, you will always have to respond to other emergencies other than fire incidences. Other emergencies that you may have to contend with include car accidents, hazardous material spills, riots, and perhaps marine accidents and many more.

This means that the type of gloves you’ll need will likely depend upon the emergency at hand.

Additional fire safety gear you may need could include items such as goggles, backpacks, masks and oxygen tanks, hazmat suits and flashlights.

A brief history of firefighter turnout gear

As I’m sure you already know firefighters are professionals who risk their own lives to protect citizens and property from fire.

Fires are known to destroy billions of dollars’ worth of private and public property every year. This obviously implies that firefighting, as a profession, is an incredibly dangerous occupation.

In addition to combating actual fires, firemen must also contend with water, smoke, hot embers, collapsing floors and falling objects.

Firefighters perform their tasks under stressful time constraints, considering that they only have a few minutes or perhaps seconds to safely evacuate occupants out of burning buildings.

Historically, firemen didn’t have the same level of fire gear used today. For this reason, most fires used to be fought only from the outside of structures, which were rarely ever entered.

The main purpose of these old firefighter protective equipment was to provide warmth and dryness as opposed to offering protection against fire and its components.

During the nineteenth century, felt caps were put on and were more of a decorative purpose than for protection. This type of fire gear never offered any form of protection against heat even though it did prevent water from affecting the firemen’s faces.

Over the years, the overall design, as well as the functionality of turnout gear for firefighters, has undergone a lot of positive transformations, and we now have highly effective equipment that not only offer the much-needed comfort during tough fire rescue operations, but have equally made it very feasible to enter a burning building.

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What Is A Firefighter Engineer?

What is a firefighter engineer? It’s a question posed by a lot of new firefighters.  This makes sense as it’s not something that usually comes to mind when think of typical fire service personnel. 

The complexity of modern fire service has increased and with that there are more professional skills required in the world of firefighting. From rural, urban settings to aboard ships, firemen have become a staple in modern society.

Though there are numerous career specialties within firefighting, a firefighter engineer is arguably one of the most sought after and complex areas of specialization out there.

So, what exactly is a firefighter engineer?

The engineer is an expert who is responsible for the operation, maintenance as well as the driving of the fire apparatus. These apparatus include fire engines, ladder trucks, rescue trucks and others.

As an engineer fireman, you will be charged with the responsibility of driving the vehicle that transports firemen and pumps water via the fire pump and hoses at the fire scene.

You’ll also be required to repair and maintain various firefighting apparatus. You’ll have to ensure that the vehicle’s engine is in tip-top condition, there is sufficient fuel in the gas tank, all the tools and equipment are effectively cleaned and maintained after every major call.

It is also imperative to mention that as a firefighter engineer, you’ll have to first respond to medical emergencies and offer pre-hospital care to victims of accidents at an ALS/BLS level according to your current level of EMS certification.

You can clearly tell that this is a job that demands lots of technical know-how.

Besides, you must possess some leadership skills as well as management skills because you’ll mostly perform your duties in highly stressful circumstances.

Remember, if you’re crew members are in a fire, they need water and it will be your responsibility to provide that to them.

What’s involved in firefighter engineer training?

If you are looking to become a fire engineer, you must first complete a training program that is accredited by the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, (ABET).

Usually, the topics taught in any firefighter engineer training program may include fire detection, modeling, protection, and safety techniques, risk analysis, equipment operation and maintenance, fire barriers, smoke management, assessment methods and pump operations.

The training process is usually divided into intensive class-work and fieldwork aimed at putting your classroom learned skills to real-world job scenarios.

You’ll also learn to analyze both state and local trends in code compliance, establish the link between various building materials and ignition sources, use the computer to successfully evaluate findings and perhaps how to compile data on fire retardants.

How to become a firefighter engineer?

• You must be a holder of a high school diploma or the equivalent GED.
• You must have at least two years of experience as a firefighter.
• At least two years of experience as a certified AEMT, EMT or paramedic (depending on your department).
• Must prove state-mandated continuing education standards, including the current American Heart Association certification in Advanced Cardiac Life Support, Basic life support as well as Pediatric Advanced Life Support, or equivalent.
• Must have completed department’s emergency driving classes.
• Have a valid driver’s license.
• Should have certification as an Apparatus Driver Operator.

Though the requirements are likely to vary from departments to department, firefighter engineers typically should have a post-secondary certificate in fire science, which can be acquired from a number of different community colleges and fire academies.

However, you should be aware of the fact that some departments may only require you to have a high school diploma.

You must also be a minimum age of 18 years old, have a valid driver’s license and pass all the tests including drug screening, physical and medical examinations.

As a firefighter engineer, you will also need to have a special license that shows you can drive the unique firefighting equipment, which mandates fire service experience, exclusive training on fire vehicles and passing written exams.

Though licensure is not always a priority to become a firefighter engineer, you should get licensed, especially if you want to work independently rather than under the guidance of a professional senior engineer.

To become a licensed engineer, you must take and pass the Fundamentals of an Engineering test. You can then apply for licensure from the jurisdiction in which you want to work.

Keeping in mind that a firefighter engineer’s job entails lots of hands-on experience, any aspiring fire engineer must acquire hands-on job experience by joining a fire academy.

A lot of departments will also require that you have a minimum of four years of field experience, which is usually gained at the department where you currently work.

Apart from the above requirements, engineer firefighters are also required to possess some special skills and abilities including:

• You must have considerable knowledge and understanding of medical and fire equipment, tools, fire ladders and you must also know how to care for and maintain these pieces of equipment.
• You must have the ability to deal with high levels of stress and maintain your composure under a broad range of adverse conditions, witnessing critical injuries and death and experiencing a risk of personal injury or harm.
• Ability to execute appropriate judgment related to procedures and tactics of firefighting and emergency medical services.
• You must have the ability to effectively communicate in writing and verbally.
• You must know how to operate and drive fire trucks of all sizes and types. What’s more, you should be highly knowledgeable about the applicable laws, codes, and regulations related to driving and operating all these apparatuses.

What are the duties of a firefighter engineer?

• Responding to emergency fire, medical and calamitous material alarms.
• Drive fire apparatus, ladder truck, engines, tower, and more.
• Ensure the vehicles and equipment and highly maintained and are ready for work. You’ll also have to carry out regular and emergency repairs, transport firefighting personnel safely to fire and emergency areas, operate firefighting apparatus, nozzles, pumps and supply extinguishing agents at scenes.
• Maintain the daily log of apparatus and equipment.
• Be part of training drills and training sessions as required by the department.
• To operate heavy extraction machines such as spreaders, special saws, pneumatic cutters, and hydraulically powered cutters.
• Participate in routine physical training.
• Participate in public education programs in schools and civic groups as required.
• Participate in life and fire safety inspections of both residential and commercial properties and examine the operating conditions of hydrants.
• Perform general cleaning and maintenance of various equipment and fire station.
• Conduct departmental training programs in civic groups, schools, and other locations as requested.
• Transfer, lift or move patients while practicing the appropriate lifting and safety techniques.
• Operate and drive fire apparatus according to the procedures outlined by your fire department.
• Take part in salvage operation as well as post-fire operations and use the relevant equipment to limit property damage from smoke, heat, water, and gasses.
• Use the city computer system for effective patient care documentation, pre-incident planning, and record-keeping.

Initial firefighting knowledge and skills are usually taught at the local, regional as well as in state-approved fire academies.

Depending on the demands of a particular fire department, extra skills and certifications including pre-hospital EMS and technical rescue can also be acquired during this time.

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